Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) and rapid prototyping

Automated machinery that is controlled by software to manufacture physical parts

CAM uses Computer Numerical Control (CNC) and CAD files to generate 3D tool paths for the machinery to follow

CAM machines include laser cutters, embroidery machines, CNC milling machines, routers and lathes

CAM software:

Advantages	Disadvantages
Very accurate/eliminates human error Repetitive accuracy Save and reload drawings to suit demand High speed/can run 24/7 Reduced labour costs Increased health and safety due to machines covering dangerous human jobs	High set up costs Training people to use/fix CNC machines can be difficult Workers being replaced by machines leads to low worker moral High skilled engineers need to be employed to fix comples machines - expensives Can't detect faults easily

CNC machines:

Advantages	Disadvantages
Can run 24/7 Designs can be manufactured many times Less skilled employees needed CNC machine can be improved through software updates Reduced labour costs Repeatable accuracy	High set up costs Increased unemployment Old skills lost

Rapid prototyping (3D printing):

Models made using computer-based technology such as a 3D printer

Advantages

Disadvantages

Fast process with minimal human input Can be done cheaply/quickly 3D models can be made to check for errors Can be used for marketing pictures Designers can evaluate design Avoids high cost of errors in final production Prototypes are made faster/work 24/7 Prototypes are made more accurately and of higher quality Prototypes cam be complex with fine details Changes and edits are easy to produce More modifications and variations can be considered Better testing and analysis of product can be undertaken

Not as quick as some methods Can only make small scale designs Need specific material for specific 3D printing machines Limited materials can be 3D printed

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