Historical Movements and Figures Influencing Product Design

Bauhaus (1919–1933)

• Focused on simplicity, function over form, and mass production compatibility.
• Blended craft and industry, influencing modernist design.
• Influence: Inspired minimalist product aesthetics still used today (e.g. IKEA, Braun).

Arts and Crafts Movement (Late 1800s)

• Reacted against industrialisation and poor-quality mass production.
• Emphasised handcraft, natural materials, and honest construction.
• Influence: Revival of artisanal values and appreciation for sustainable, well-made products.

Art Deco (1920s–1930s)

• Embraced geometric shapes, luxury materials, and decorative style.
• Reflected social optimism and modernity.
• Influence: Brought glamour to consumer products; echoed today in premium branding and fashion accessories.

De Stijl (1917–1931)

• Focused on abstraction, primary colours, and grid-based layouts.
• Promoted harmony through geometric order.
• Influence: Foundation for grid systems in UI/UX design and architecture.

Key Designers and Their Legacy

• Charles & Ray Eames – Modern furniture using moulded plywood and plastic. Influenced ergonomic, stylish office chairs and sustainable furniture.
• Dieter Rams – Developed the "10 Principles of Good Design" at Braun. Inspired Apple’s product design under Jony Ive.
• William Morris – Arts and Crafts figure who promoted the value of craftsmanship and design integrity.

Summary Table

Movement / Designer	Key Philosophy	Influence on Modern Design
Bauhaus	Function over form, minimalism, industrial design	Flat-pack furniture, clean product aesthetics
Arts and Crafts	Handcraft, authenticity, natural materials	Eco-conscious design, artisanal products
Art Deco	Luxury, symmetry, ornamentation	Premium branding, high-end consumer goods
Dieter Rams	Good design is innovative, useful, honest	Apple products, modern appliances

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