Properties of materials

Papers and boards:

Used in: Flyers/leaflets, card-based food packaging.

Types:

  • Layout Paper – Thin, translucent, used for sketching.
  • Cartridge Paper – Thicker, ideal for printing/drawing.
  • Corrugated Cardboard – Lightweight, strong, used in packaging.
  • Foil-lined Board – Keeps food fresh (e.g., juice cartons).

Key Properties:

  • Weight (GSM) – Thickness/durability.
  • Finish – Smooth (high-quality print) or textured.
  • Recyclable – Most papers/boards are eco-friendly.

Timber-based materials:

Used in: Traditional toys, flat-pack furniture.

Types:

  • Hardwood (Oak, Mahogany) – Durable, expensive (furniture).
  • Softwood (Pine, Cedar) – Cheaper, easy to work with (construction).
  • MDF – Smooth, uniform, used in flat-pack furniture.
  • Plywood – Layered, strong, water-resistant (outdoor use).

Key Properties:

  • Grain – Affects strength and appearance.
  • Workability – Softwoods are easier to cut/shape.
  • Sustainability – FSC-certified woods are eco-friendly.

Metal-based materials:

Used in: Cooking utensils, hand tools.

Types:

  • Aluminum – Lightweight, corrosion-resistant (pans).
  • Stainless Steel – Hard, hygienic (cutlery, tools).
  • Cast Iron – Heavy, retains heat (cookware).

Key Properties:

  • Conductivity – Metals transfer heat/electricity well.
  • Durability – Resistant to wear and corrosion.
  • Malleability – Can be shaped (e.g., hammered into tools).

Polymers:

Used in: Polymer seating, electrical fittings.

Types:

  • Thermoplastics (ABS, PVC) – Re-moldable, used in electrical casings.
  • Thermosets (Epoxy Resin) – Heat-resistant (adhesives, coatings).
  • Elastomers (Rubber) – Flexible (grips, seals).

Key Properties:

  • Lightweight – Easier to transport than metals.
  • Insulation – Non-conductive (ideal for electrical parts).
  • Corrosion Resistance – Won’t rust like metals.

Textile-based materials:

Used in: Sportswear, furnishings.

Types:

  • Natural (Cotton, Wool) – Breathable (t-shirts, carpets).
  • Synthetic (Polyester, Nylon) – Moisture-wicking (sportswear).
  • Blended Fabrics – Combines properties (e.g., poly-cotton bedsheets).

Key Properties:

  • Durability – Synthetic fibers resist wear.
  • Elasticity – Stretchable for athletic wear.
  • Flame Resistance – Treated fabrics for furnishings.

Electronic & Mechanical Systems:

Used in: Motor vehicles, domestic appliances.

Components:

  • Sensors – Detect changes (e.g., thermostat in kettles).
  • Actuators – Convert energy to motion (e.g., car wipers).
  • Microcontrollers – "Brains" of appliances (e.g., washing machine cycles).

Key Properties:

  • Efficiency – Minimizes energy waste (LED lighting).
  • Integration – Combines mechanical/electronic parts (e.g., smart fridges).
  • User Interface – Buttons/touchscreens for control.

Topic test:

Properties of Materials Questions (Click to Download)

Interactive flashcards:

Flashcards – Properties of Materials Questions (Click to Revise)