Changing magnitude and direction of force

Levers:

Levers are simple machines that provide mechanical advantage

Application	Real-World Examples
Multiply force (mechanical advantage) Increase speed/distance of movement Change direction of applied force Precise control of motion	Construction: Crowbars, jackhammers Transport: Bike brakes, car pedals Tools: Scissors, pliers, wrenches Sports: Baseball bats, golf clubs Medical: Surgical tools, prosthetics

First Order Levers:

Levers with the fulcrum between the effort and load.

Examples: See-saws, scissors, crowbars, pliers

Second Order Levers:

Levers with the load between the fulcrum and effort.

Examples: Wheelbarrows, nutcrackers, bottle openers

Third Order Levers:

Levers with the effort between the fulcrum and load.

Examples: Tweezers, fishing rods, shovels, human arm

Bell Cranks:

Linkages that change the direction of motion through 90°.

Examples: Bicycle brakes, throttle linkages, car pedal systems

Push/Pull Linkages:

Linkages that transfer motion in a straight line.

Examples: Window winders, car gear shifts, parallel motion mechanisms

CAMs and Followers:

Systems that convert rotary motion to linear motion.

Examples: Engine valve trains, sewing machines, automated machinery

Simple Gear Trains:

Two or more meshing gears that transmit rotary motion.

Examples: Clock mechanisms, hand drills, gear pumps

Pulleys and Belts:

Systems that transfer rotary motion between shafts.

Examples: Car engines (timing belts), conveyor systems, washing machines

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