Paper and board forming processes

Die Cutting:

How it works:

• Die cutting uses a sharp, custom-shaped die to cut through materials like paper, cardboard, or plastic.
• The die is pressed onto the material using a machine, cutting it into a specific shape.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Accurate and precise cuts Can cut through multiple layers at once Ideal for high-volume production	Requires custom-made dies, which can be expensive Not suitable for intricate designs or small runs

Uses: Packaging, labels, paper products, and custom cutouts

Laser Cutting:

How it works:

• A focused laser beam melts, burns, or vaporizes the material to cut through it.
• Laser cutting is typically used for metals, plastics, wood, boards, and other materials.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Very precise and clean cuts Can cut a wide range of materials Minimal material wastage	Can be expensive for small-scale production Heat-affected zone can deform certain materials

Uses: Sign making, card designs

Creasing:

How it works:

• Creasing involves making an indentation or fold line in a material without cutting through it.
• This is usually done with a die or press to create a clean, straight line for folding.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Helps create sharp, accurate folds Prevents cracking of materials during folding Improves the overall appearance of folded products	Not suitable for all materials Requires precise die adjustment

Uses: Packaging, greeting cards, brochures

Bending:

How it works:

• Bending involves applying force to a material to change its shape without breaking it.
• Typically done using machines like press brakes or rollers to bend materials such as metal, plastic, or paper.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Can create complex shapes with minimal material wastage Cost-effective for mass production Requires less energy compared to other methods	Can cause material deformation if not done correctly Not suitable for very thick materials

Uses: Cardboard