Design influences

Key design movements and designers have shaped product evolution through philosophy, materials, and manufacturing techniques

Bauhaus (1919-1933):

  • German school combining crafts/fine arts, emphasising "form follows function".
  • Key principles: Minimalism, functionality, integration of art and industry.
  • Examples: Wassily Chair (Marcel Breuer), Bauhaus Dessau building (Walter Gropius).
  • Impact: Foundation of modern industrial design and architecture.


    • Arts & Crafts Movement (1880-1910):

  • Reaction against industrialisation, valuing handmade craftsmanship.
  • Key principles: Natural materials, traditional techniques, decorative simplicity.
  • Examples: Red House (William Morris), Tiffany lamps.
  • Impact: Inspired Art Nouveau and sustainable design practices.


    • Art Deco (1920s-1930s):

  • Rejection of traditional ornamentation, embracing modernity and luxury.
  • Key principles: Geometric symmetry, stepped forms, sunburst motifs, exotic materials (chrome, lacquer, ivory).
  • WW1 Influences:
    • Post-war optimism inspired futuristic designs symbolising progress.
    • Mass production techniques (perfected during WW1) enabled sleek, machine-age aesthetics.
    • 1916 NYC zoning laws shaped stepped skyscraper designs (e.g., Chrysler Building).
  • Examples: Chrysler Building radiators, SS Normandie ocean liner interiors, Bakelite radios.
  • Impact: Became synonymous with Roaring Twenties glamour and technological ambition.


    • Modernism (1920s-1960s):

  • Emphasis on new materials (steel, concrete) and industrial methods.
  • Key principles: Functionality over ornamentation, mass production.
  • Examples: Eames Lounge Chair, Unité d'Habitation (Le Corbusier).
  • Impact: Standardised components and minimalist aesthetics.


    • Postmodernism (1970-1990):

  • Rejection of Modernism, embracing irony and eclecticism.
  • Key principles: Playful forms, cultural references, bold colours.
  • Examples: Memphis Milano furniture, Philippe Starck’s Juicy Salif.
  • Impact: Revived interest in decorative and user-centric design.


    • Influential Designers:

    Designer Contributions Famous Works
    Dieter Rams "Less but better" philosophy, 10 design principles Braun SK4 record player
    Charles & Ray Eames Pioneered plywood moulding techniques Eames Molded Plastic Chair
    Eileen Gray Bridged Art Deco/Modernism Adjustable table E1027


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